highest ranking german officer killed in ww2

The modification of the weapon could indicate an attached toxic or biological agent. (, Rdiger Overmans Soldaten hinter Stacheldraht. Nineteen employees at Deutsche Dienststelle assisted in the survey. Many of the Medals were awarded posthumously, in recognition of a life cut short. [citation needed], The fate of over one million missing German soldiers in the USSR was an issue in post-war West Germany, with some claiming that they were held in secret labor camps by the Soviets. 2, The number of prisoners taken in March was approaching 350,000, SHAEF Weekly Summary No. Never! p.283, also stated in the introduction) actually died in 1945. Estimated figures for German World War II casualties are divergent and contradictory. The second part focusses on World War I and possible research difficulties. As the car passed, Heydrich made an ultimately fatal error; instead of ordering his driver to accelerate, he stood up and drew his Luger pistol, yelling at the driver to halt. PART I LAND Section A, ENEMY OPERATIONS. See also: German prisoners of war in northwest Europe, German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union and German prisoners of war in the United States, The fates of German prisoners of war have been a concern in post war Germany. According to Overmans there is no reliable data on losses of Soviet volunteers[42] Russian military historian G. I. Krivosheev estimated losses in the Wehrmacht of volunteer formations and SS troops (Vlasovites, Balts, Muslims etc.) Official statistics published by the West German government 1956 put the death toll due to air raids at 635,000. Presse- und Informationsamt. [35][36] At this point, Gabk and Kubi did not know that Heydrich was wounded and thought the attack had failed.[37][29]. Keegan, John, Second World War, Penguin Books , 1990, Democide: Nazi Genocide and Mass Murder, Transaction Publishers, 1992 Table A. Hermann Kinder, Werner Hilgemann & Ernest A. Menze, Ishikida, Miki (2005). [61], urda betrayed several safe houses provided by the Jindra group, including that of the Moravec family in ikov. Overmans estimates the actual death toll of German POWs is about 1.1 million men (including 1.0 million in the USSR); he maintains that among those reported as missing were men who actually died as prisoners. [163] The German government currently places the ultimate blame for the mass flight and expulsion on the wartime policy of the Nazis in Eastern Europe. by tigre 14 Mar 2008, 21:38, Post If they were not caught by then, the Germans threatened to spill far more blood, believing that this threat would be enough to force a potential informant to sell out the culprits. Adolf Oplka's aunt, Marie Oplkov, was executed in the Mauthausen camp on 24 October 1942; his father Viktor Jarolm was also killed. Deutsche Kriegsgefangene des Zweiten Weltkrieges. by tigre 10 Feb 2008, 14:16, Post The story of Operation Anthropoid is narrated in a short Czech comic book titled Atentt (The Assassination), created in 1976 by brothers Jan Saudek and Kja Saudek. Der Ruhrkessel: Ende der Kmpfe im Westen Verbrechen der Wehrmacht, der SS und Gestapo an der Bevlkerung bis zum letzten Tag, Lethal Politics: Soviet Genocide and Mass Murder since 1917, "George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: 1 July 1939-30 June 1945. 1961 Mai 1974. Portrayals in literature and popular culture. [6][7], Heydrich came to Prague to "strengthen policy, carry out countermeasures against resistance", and keep up production quotas of Czech motors and arms that were "extremely important to the German war effort". Note: This category is intended solely for those members of the German armed forces killed as a result of their military service and not those executed during internal purges, or those who died in Allied custody post-war. Nonetheless, the bomb severely wounded Heydrich when it detonated, its fragments ripping through the right rear fender and embedding fragmentation and fibers from the upholstery of the car into Heydrich, causing serious injuries to his left side, with major damage to his diaphragm, spleen, and lung, as well as a fractured rib. [38] The surgeons reinflated the collapsed left lung, removed the tip of the fractured 11th rib, sutured the torn diaphragm, inserted several catheters, and removed the spleen, which contained a grenade fragment and upholstery. Source of figures-Rdiger Overmans, Soldaten hinter Stacheldraht. The German Red Cross reported in 2005 that the records of the military search service WAS list total Wehrmacht losses at 4.3 million men (3.1 million dead and 1.2 million missing) in World War II. Overmans maintains that his research project taking a statistical sample of the records of the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) found that the German military casualty reporting system broke down during the war and that losses were understated. Gen. Lesley McNair was one of the highest ranking American officers killed in World War II. He pointed out that the heavy death toll estimated by the Maschke Commission of 80,000 German POW in Yugoslavia was based on documented eyewitness accounts. [14][4][15] According to the German government Suchdienste (Search Service) there were 300,000 German victims (including Jews) of Nazi racial, political and religious persecution. OKW Casualty Figures Sept 1, 1939 to Jan 31, 1945, Source of Figures: Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 19401945: 8 Bde. WebAlfred Jodl (ca. ", German Strategy & General German Military Discussion, Life in the Third Reich & Weimar Republic, Kriegsmarine surface ships and Kriegsmarine in general, Luftwaffe air units and Luftwaffe in general, German Strategy & General German Military Discussion, NSDAP, other party organizations & Government, The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section, The Ron Klages Panzer & other vehicles Section, Panzer & other vehicles - Photo threads, Axis Documents, Feldpost numbers, Postcards & Other Paper Items, The United Kingdom & its Empire and Commonwealth 1919-45, The Allies and the Neutral States in general, German Colonies and Overseas Expeditions, The end of the Ottoman Empire 1908-1923, Translation help: Breaking the Sound Barrier. by tigre 07 Mar 2008, 22:20, Post The authors maintain that the German figures for 1940 through 1943 of 111,000 killed was generally correct and that their estimate of 311,000 dead for the years 1944 and 1945 was based on the tons of bombs dropped and the population size of the cities bombed. The bombing of Dresden and the bombing campaign in general has been a topic of discussion in post-war Germany. It is now known that they did not survive the war, Rdiger Overmans believes that more than likely they died in Soviet custody. -Population October 1946 Census- Figure of 65,310,000 does not include 693,000 displaced persons (DPs) living in Germany. [61], It is worth noting that the allied armies which captured the 2.8 million German soldiers up to April 30, 1945, while Adolf Hitler was still alive and resisting as hard as he could, comprised at their peak 88 divisions,[62] with a peak strength in May 1945 of 2,639,377 in the US and 1,095,744 in the British and Canadian forces. The total haul of German POWs held by the Western Allies by April 30, 1945, in all theatres of war was over 3,150,000, rising in NW Europe to 7,614,790 after the end of the war. Overmans was an associate of the German Armed Forces Military History Research Office from 1987 until 2004 and was on the faculty of the University of Freiburg from 1996 to 2001. He killed millions of innocent people because they existed. Schramm put the total at 4,188,057. - Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1958. Monthly figures do not add because of rounding. He was driven by SS-Oberscharfhrer Johannes Klein. A staggering Heydrich came towards Gabk, who dropped his Sten and tried to reach his bicycle, but was forced to abandon the attempt and took cover behind a telegraph pole, firing at Heydrich with his pistol. [169], Estimates indicate that at least 40,000 war casualties are found a year. Based on information available in January 1946, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. put German military dead at 3,250,000. [32], Monthly German military casualties at point of death per Overmans study. However, the declaration did not commit the UK to Czechoslovakia's pre-Munich borders and did not declare the Munich agreement void ab initio as Czechoslovakia wanted, thus the statement has been questioned as a full repudiation of the deal. Post The West German government statistical office issued a report in 1958 that put the number of civilians dead or missing in the expulsions and forced labor in the USSR at 2,225,000(including 1,339,000 for Germany in 1937 borders; Poland 185,000, Danzig 83,200; Czechoslovakia 272,900; Yugoslavia 135,800; Rumania 101,000; Hungary 57,000; Baltic States 51,400. [165] The Federation of Expellees initiated the formation of the Center Against Expulsions. According to a report published by the Reuters News Agency, on July29 1945 highly confidential archives found at Flensburg, in the house of General Reinecke showed German losses up to November 30, 1944, as 3.6 million, detailed in the following schedule. Suddenly, Heydrich doubled over and staggered to the side of the road in pain. [11] As well as terrorizing the opposition and establishing the Theresienstadt ghetto/concentration camp, Heydrich had overseen a progressive policy of good wages (equivalent to those in Germany) for industrial workers and farmers, which had a pacifying effect (acts of sabotage dropped by three-quarters in six months) and helped cooperative production of war materials. In 1949 he published an article in the newspaper Die Zeit, in which he listed OKW Casualty Figures[21] these figures also appeared in a multi-volume edition of the OKW diaries. UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II The European Theater of Operations THE SUPREME COMMAND by Forrest C. Pogue. Mittler, Frankfurt am Main 1969 Pages 258-266, Great patriotic war of the Soviet Union, 1941-1945: a general outline - Moscow: Progress Publishers, [1974] Page 392, Die deutschen Vertreibungsverluste. [58][59], In the days following the Lidice massacre, no leads were found for those responsible for Heydrich's death. 4-The figures for Army wounded add up to 4,219,211. The personnel records included 3,070,000 men who were confirmed dead in the Death Files and another 15,200,000 men in the General Files who had served in the war including those listed as missing and presumed dead. . The following schedule compares the total dead and living POW according to Overmans at 12/31/1944 with the figures of the German High Command. "[73], Based on Soviet sources Krivosheev put German losses on the Eastern Front from 1941-1945 at 6,923,700 men: including killed 4,137,100, taken prisoner 2,571,600 and 215,000 dead among Russian volunteers in the Wehrmacht. -Live births- are those actually recorded from May 1939 until June 1944 and from January to October 1946. The Polish underground killed two senior SS officers in the General Government in Operation Kutschera and Operation Brkl; Wilhelm Kube, the General-kommissar of Belarus, was killed in Operation Blowup by Soviet partisan Yelena Mazanik, a Belarusian woman who had managed to find employment in his household to kill him. [39], The authors of A Higher Form of Killing claim that Heydrich died from botulism (Clostridium botulinum toxin poisoning). [40] Heydrich developed a fever of 3839C (100.4102.2F) and wound drainage, and he was in great pain. (.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN9783881990738) Pages 1508-1511, 1-These statistics include losses of the Waffen SS as well as Volkssturm and paramilitary serving with the regular forces.[22]. Since the collapse of communism previously classified documentation regarding German military casualties became available to German researchers. He was killed near the village of Molei in Peleponnesse in Greece by andartes men on 27 April 1943. volali parautist ped smrt", "Zprvy SS a gestapa o dobvn kostela sv. Herausforderung Bevlkerung: zu Entwicklungen des modernen Denkens ber die Bevlkerung vor, im und nach dem Dritten Reich, Ploetz Geschichte des zweiten Weltkrieges Wrzburg, Ploetz 1960 page 80, Burkhart Mller-Hillebrand Das Heer 19331945. [52] Hitler favoured killing 10,000 politically unreliable Czechs, but after he consulted Himmler, the idea was dropped because Czech territory was an important industrial zone for the German military, and indiscriminate killing could reduce the productivity of the region. The figures include those killed in the 1945 military campaign and the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union. A second plan was to kill him on a forest road that led from Heydrich's home to Prague. As it slowed down and rounded the corner, Gabk, who concealed his Sten submachine gun under a raincoat, dropped the raincoat and raised the gun, and, at close range, tried to shoot Heydrich, but the gun jammed. This caused delays in the mission as Kubi had not completed training, nor had the necessary false documents been prepared for him. The assassination attempt, code-named Operation Anthropoid, was carried out by resistance operatives Jozef Gabk and Jan Kubi on 27 May 1942. The commission has already built more than 300 cemeteries from World War II and 190 from World War I all over Europe.[170]. [55][56], Nazi intelligence falsely linked Heydrich's assassins to the village of Lidice. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1996. The oldest memorial is a plaque on Orthodox Cathedral of Saints Cyril and Methodius in Resslova Street, Prague. Civilian bombing deaths (not including refugees) of 436,000 include 350,000 dead, 54,000 died of wounds and 32,000 missing and presumed dead. The Germans were unable to locate the attackers until Karel urda of the Out Distance sabotage group turned himself in to the Gestapo and gave up the names of the team's local contacts for the bounty of one million Reichsmarks. Czechs in World War II", "The attentat on SS Obergruppenfhrer Reinhard Heydrich", "Jsme ei! Later on, it commenced to track German casualties again starting from 1946 after the World War II. [15], Training was supervised by the nominated head of the Czech section, Major Alfgar Hesketh-Prichard, who turned to Cecil Clarke to develop the necessary weapon, light enough to throw but still be lethal to an armour-plated Mercedes. Amongst others, the German historian Wolfgang Benz believes that the use of the term "Bombing Holocaust" runs contrary to historical fact. [13] Moravec personally briefed Brigadier Colin Gubbins, who at the time was the Director of Operations in the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) and who had responsibility for the Czech and Polish "country" sections of the organisation. He was then transferred to the back of the truck on his stomach and taken to the emergency room at Bulovka Hospital. A September 1942 declaration by the French National Committee suggested that the agreement was void ab initio as it had come about under threat of aggression and recognizing no changes in Czechoslovakia's borders since 1938.[72][73]. Of the children, 81 were later killed in gas vans at the Chemno extermination camp, while eight were adopted by German families. The research project involved taking a statistical sample of the confidential German military personnel records located at the (WASt). The battle casualtry loss rate by rank for the US Army in World War II was: General Officer and all field grades 35 Captain 53 1st Lieutenant 105 2nd Lieutenant 204 Warrant Officer 8. Bonn 1989, Germany reports. He believes that personnel captured on the battlefield may have died of wounds or in transit before being recorded as POW. One of those is the Unknown Soldier who rests in the Tomb of the Unknown at Arlington Cemetery. [63] The casualties suffered by the Western Allies in making this contribution to the defeat of the Wehrmacht were relatively light, 164,590195,576 killed/missing, 537,590 wounded, and 78,680 taken prisoner,[64][65] a total loss of 780,860 to 811,846 to inflict a loss of 2.8 million prisoners on the German army. [69], The assassination of Heydrich was one of the most significant moments of the resistance in Czechoslovakia. [151] A study by the German demographer Peter Marschalck put the total deaths directly related to the war both military and civilians at 5.2 million, plus an estimated decline in births of 1.7 million, bringing total population losses related to the war at 6.9 million persons within the borders of 1937. Gubbins readily agreed to help mount the operation, although knowledge of it was restricted to a few of the headquarters and training staff of SOE. (German government Statistical Office), Die deutschen Vertreibungsverluste. In 1950 the West German government made a preliminary estimate of 3,000,000 German civilians missing in Eastern Europe (1.5 million from pre war Germany and 1.5 million ethnic Germans from East Europe) whose fate needed to be clarified. [71], A humanitarian organisation, known as (German: Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgrberfrsorge, lit. [7][8][9][10][4] Postoperative care included administration of large amounts of morphine. In support of the latter possibility, particles of fat and blood clots were found at autopsy in the right ventricle and pulmonary artery and severe oedema was noted in the upper lobes of the lungs, while the lower lobes were collapsed. at 215,000.

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