eeio emission factors
Amazons Carbon Footprint Environmentally Extended Input-Output Data.EEIO data refers to EEIO emission factors that can be used to estimate scope 1, 2, and upstream Scope 3 GHG Emissions for a given industry or product category.. EEIO data is particularly useful in screening emissions sources when prioritizing data collection efforts. This can be performed by subtracting the import matrix, Um from the Use matrix to estimate a domestic Use table, Ud, as in Eq. This general decrease in v2.0 factors reflects the steady national decrease in SO2 emissions from 2011 to 201769. 54, 30913102, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b06024 (2020). In Fig. In general, the final demand in the BEA Use table can be grouped into the following categories: yg=federal, state and local government consumption. 26. where HRoW is the contribution from Rest of World, and Hd is the contribution from the US. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The Recycling Economic Information (REI) Report, a primary output of the Recycling Economic Information (REI) Projectrelieson environmental and economic input-output methodologies for estimating environmental and economic impacts associated with recycling. 2012 Economic Census: Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services: Subject Series - Product Lines: Product Lines Statistics by Industry for the U.S. And States: 2012. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2012/econ/census/aswmrs-services.html (U.S. Census Bureau, 2013). The sets of commodities in the top 20 from v2.0 and v1.2 in the production and consumption-based rankings are nearly identical, with some notable substitutions and some exchanging of places. The GHG Emission Factors Hub provides factors for several scope 3 categories and indicates the calculation methods with which the factors align. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1522413 (2021). 28, 99118, https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.28.2.99 (2014). Ingwersen, W.W., Li, M., Young, B. et al. The final model is provided in the National Land Occupation Totals By Industry 2012 v1.1 dataset44. Garvey, T. & Ingwersen, W. USEEIO Elementary Flows and Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Characterization Factors. The Sector Crosswalk can be used to identify a NAICS code associated with a USEEIO code, and tools like the Census NAICS code search75 can be used to identify NAICS codes associated with the purchase. Report No. Cm is obtained from Eq. General Information. This EPA report describes supply chain GHG emission factors prepared with versions of the USEEIO, which are life cycle models of all categories of goods and services and industries in the US economy. The relative contribution, rc of a commodity, c, to an impact intensity coefficient from N for a given indicator, n, can be calculated using Eq. Report No. 16. The element-wise product of B and adjusts B for the flow year differences and effectively converts B into a harmonized 2012 year form. Report No. USEEIO was used by Climate Earth to calculate emissions associated with most purchased goods and services as part of Merck's annual corporate responsibility report. When there is additional data available for specific flows which are not adequately reflected at the 6-digit NAICS to USEEIO mapping (as per Table6), a manual distribution of that data is specified as an input to the disaggregation algorithm. EPA Report: Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for U.S. Industries and Commodities USEEIO v2.0, or referred to solely as v2.0, is the latest edition of the US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output (USEEIO) model for assessing a full suite of potential life cycle impacts of US goods and services. The 2016 values are applied across all years and will be updated in more recent years as new data sets are . The direct perspective calculation associates the totals with the sectors that produce the given flows (e.g. When making these improvements, it is recommended to focus first on categories with the largest impact on the organizations total GHG inventory. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1524319 (2021). However when this demand vector is applied to the model, output of these commodities is positive due to industry consumption, reflecting the commodity output totals. This method for creating the A matrix is based on the industry- technology assumption, wherein the manufacture of the primary and any secondary commodities by an industry uses the same production requirements, and the commodity requirements are based therefore on the mix of industries that produce that commodity, weighted by their relative share of total commodity output16. The model indicators are put in the form of an indicator x flow matrix, C, where the values are the quantitative relation of the flows to the indicator value, also known as characterization factors in the life cycle impact assessment literature. Report No. This follows from the use of the value added directly from the 2012 Use tables and the Leontief price model72 that the sum of all direct and indirect value added equals the index price. Increasing the Timeliness of US Annual Input-Output Accounts. Additionally, flow amounts for each flow within a satellite table must not change more than 0.05%. New procedures for preparing and integrating these datasets into the model are described in the Procedure for Model Building section. In v1.2, national land use by animal type were calculated by importing and summing state level data for land in farms from USDA CoA. As v1.2 represents the most recently previously peer-reviewed and published USEEIO model, but was built with a different set of data inputs and a different software procedure, comparing v2.0 results against v1.2 is a relevant means of performing model validation. QCEW was chosen for the sector attribution model, as QCEW data is one of the primary data sources for the National Employment Matrix and as the National Employment Matrix database primary purpose is for national-level employment predictions60. 11:25-11:30. 4, EI is a emission x industry matrix of national totals of each flow by industry sector in year y, and xz,y is a vector of gross output by industry in year z, given in year y dollars. A new water withdrawal sector attribution model was developed, referred to as Water_national_2015_m1. In v1.1, releases from the DMR were limited to nutrient release of nitrogen and phosphorous. 18. These variances are due to methodology changes when allocating land use to 6-digit NAICS. The report notes: This deeper analysis uses details contained within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys United States Environmentally-Extended Input-Output (USEEIO) model to highlight specific activities that occur within the supply chain of the goods and services procured by the County that drive the bulk of the impacts and to identify those impacts that are generated locally (e.g., particulate matter emissions from local vendor fleet operations). Agency researchers are using USEEIO as the foundation for the development of a suite of Sustainable Materials Management Prioritization Tools. Heijungs, R. & Suh, S. The Computational Structure of Life Cycle Assessment. The satellite tables contain the resource use and environmental releases mapped to the original Waste Services and Remediation Services sector. 1. Environmentally-extended input output (EEIO) models estimate energy use and/or GHG emissions resulting from the production and upstream value chain activities of different sectors and products within an economy. Domestic food supply chains freshwater use over time. The USEEIO Modeling Framework for USEEIO v2.09 provides an overview of the source code along with links to useeior and supporting software packages. In v2.0, water for mining sectors is first attributed to 6-digit NAICS using employment data before mapped to BEA industry codes. Young, B. et al. Step 3: Improve and expand emissions estimate over time. While the codes and definitions of commodity categories are not changed from those provided by BEA in v2.0 (except for disaggregated sectors), original names are assigned to the commodity categories to replace the names used in the BEA IO tables. These tables are also known as the benchmark tables because they are based on the US Economic Census which is conducted every five years and the tables correspond to the Census year11. There are two exceptions to these allocation values in the Make table row disaggregation. Thus whatever is not explicitly allocated to 562211, Hazardous waste disposal, is assumed to go to Solid waste landfilling, 562112. General Motors Carbon Disclosure For the Oil and gas extraction (211000) commodity, the entirety of the production value is assigned to the Solid waste landfill (562212) industry, as it is assumed that this represents landfill gas production. The breakdown of these data into the records given in Table2 is not identical to that given in Table1 of the original USEEIO description2, but all these data are aggregated during model construction (see Model Construction section), and therefore the breakdown just describes the form of these data as they are originally processed and imported. Assessing the flows or processes (i.e. The model is validated through reproduction of national totals from input data sources and through analysis of changes from the most recent complete USEEIO model that can be explained based on data updates or method changes. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Information System (RCRAInfo) database contains information on the flows of hazardous waste22, and is mainly used in the disaggregation of the Use table intersection. Sci. North American Industry Classification System. ~75% of these emissions stem from upstream activities . Household consumption accounts for the largest share of the global anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. The core of an IO model is a direct requirements matrix, A, representing the dollar inputs from other sectors per dollar output. Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for US Industries and Commodities (No. The values in v2.0 resulting from Eq. The emission factor rating takes into account the test rating, the number of sources tested, and whether the sources are selected at random, represent the industry population, and are sufficiently specific (e.g., to fuel type, design, etc.) CAS Econ. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. 66, 283291, https://doi.org/10.2307/1925829 (1984). These factors are intended for quantifying emissions from purchased goods and services using the spend-based method defined in the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Technical Guidance for Calculating Scope 3 Emissions. These calculations of total flows or impacts associated with a given final demand are equivalent to life cycle inventory (LCI), denoted as G, and life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) result, denoted as H, in the field of life cycle assessment17. 12:15-12:30. ~98% of commodities have a value of 10.025. Licensing. The greatest discrepancies in land use impact intensities between the two models occur in agricultural industries, with a decrease in intensity for Cattle ranches and feedlots and an increase in intensity for Animal farms and aquaculture ponds (except cattle and poultry) and Timber and raw forest products. Red text indicates an update from the 2018 version of this document. Name of source. TRACIv2.1 for FEDEFLv1. In v2.0, these land use categories are allocated to sectors using BLS employment data43. Abstract and Figures. To prevent this, we apply a different allocation value to the value-added sectors of the disaggregated waste industries based on the intermediate industry totals (i.e., non-value-added allocations): where piW denotes the value-added allocation proportions, W is the value added matrix in the form of value added components per dollar industry output that is extracted from the full Use table, Vi denotes the industry throughput derived from the Make table (row sums), i'(UW) denotes the intermediate industry throughput derived from the Use table (column sums) and not including the value added matrix. Domestic water withdrawals are assigned to the BEA code F01000, as no NAICS code represents households. ADS Resour. Report out, Q&A and closing. It has been subjected to the Agencys peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Environmentally extended input-output analysis (EEIOA) is used in environmental accounting as a tool which reflects production and consumption structures within one or several economies. AC-17-A-51 https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2017/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_US/usv1.pdf (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2017). Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Ei, a national total of flow by industry per year consisting of the concatenation of all the satellite tables described above, is available in varying years. The equivalent value is 1.44E-5in v1.2 (sheet B, cell D681 of)71. You can choose whether functional and advertising cookies apply. This sector provides a wide range of services from non-hazardous waste landfilling and recycling to contaminated site remediation. Three standard national level demand vectors were created for use with the model to calculate potential impacts of US consumption, production and consumption from households. Environmentally extended input-output (EEIO) models have been developed to evaluate the linkages between economic activities and environmental impacts as well as the embodied emissions in goods and . Yang, Y., Berrill, P., Miller, R., Ingwersen, W. & Li, M. National GHG Industry Attribution Model. Report No. Report No. 28 for all flows at a 1% tolerance, with a <1% difference assumed to be expected due to rounding errors65 both for the full model and the domestic model, where Ld Eq. The variation between v1.2 and v2.0 employment impact intensities are due to changes in data year and source. Google Scholar. To obtain an allocation percentage for the industries that consume Waste management and remediation services commodity (i.e. Urban land allocation now includes estimates for urban green areas based on assumptions made by Zeng and Ramaswami37. The major challenge with this section is establishing accurate IO transactions between the disaggregated sectors by using both monetary and material flow data. 95% for Fresh soybeans, canola, flaxseeds, and other oilseeds and Fresh wheat, corn, rice, and other grains). These novel elements as well as model fundamentals are described in this paper. Interventions for improved emissions tracking include 1) mapping institutional purchasing account systems by groupings that match or correspond to EEIO emissions factors (e.g., NAICS, UNSPSC); 2) encouraging use of M-Marketsite and incorporating more detailed reporting of purchases when using P-Cards; and 3) updating the mapping of emissions . Ec is obtained from Ei by multiplying its transpose by the commodity mix matrix, Cm, and transposing the result. In v1, the Scrap commodity was removed from the model following a methodology presented by BEA for deriving a total requirements matrix11. National biennial hazardous waste report 2017. https://www.epa.gov/hwgenerators/biennial-hazardous-waste-report (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2018). The difference between the summed state level data and published national MLU pasture and grazed land data were attributed to animal type using a national average of the USDA CoA data. All the indicator datasets were produced by the LCIA formatter v1.0.162,63, which like the environmental and employment data had been harmonized with the FEDEFL. The allocation percentages for the consumption of the disaggregated waste commodities by the IO industries are included in the WasteDisaggaregation_Use sheet of the primary data record, in the Use Row Sum, Commodity Output rows for the Business firms and farms customer class and in the Commodity disaggregation rows for the other customer classes. U.S. Census Bureau https://www.census.gov/naics/2012NAICS/2-digit_2012_Codes.xls (2019). https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/water-use-terminology?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects (2019). Data are assigned to sectors based on facility-reported NAICS. For most sectors, the commodity values are distributed using the percentages obtained from the disaggregation of the waste management industries in the Use table. . CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita). 1. The accuracy of the impact proportion depending on the validity of the assumption that domestic impact intensities are equivalent to foreign impact intensities, which is not likely valid in all cases. Increase in particulate matter emissions for livestock production. These factors were prepared using USEEIO models, which are a life cycle models of goods and services in the US economy. Aquaculture and Thermoelectric withdrawals are assigned to the 4-digit NAICS codes 1125 and 2211, respectively. These flows must be adjusted or mapped to reflect the inclusion of the disaggregated waste sectors. To solve the first problem, BEA-NAICS correspondence for these sectors is approximated after careful inspection and comparison of their definitions in BEA and NAICS systems. The GHG Protocol provides two resources to help organizations estimate scope 3 emissions: For financial institutions, The Global GHG Accounting and Reporting Standard for the Financial Industry, published by the Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials, offers specific guidance on calculating scope 3, category 15 (investments) emissions.