romanian ethnicity characteristics

Romania is not Western. V. Mrcule, The Vlachs in the military actions during the Comnen, in Revista de Istorie Militar, 2(60), 2000, p. 46-47 (hereinafter: The Vlachs during the Comnen). The color of skin is a little dark, but only 20% of women have such color of skin, the rest are of typical Central European type. [103], The Byzantine chronicler Niketas Choniates writes that in 1164, Andronikos I Komnenos, the emperor Manuel I Komnenos's cousin, tried without success, to usurp the throne. Dodge, New York, Columbia University Press, 1970, p. 37 with n.82. The Istro-Romanians are the closest ethnic group to the Romanians, and it is believed they left Maramure, Transylvania about a thousand years ago and settled in Istria, Croatia. This article is about the demographic features of the population of Romania, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.. About 89.3% of the people of Romania are ethnic Romanians (as per the 2022 Romanian census), whose native language, Romanian, is a Daco-Romance language . 407, 414. T. Kamusella, The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe, Springer, 2008, Wolfgang Dahmen, who has questioned the continuity between, In an ever more globalized world the incredibly diverse and widespread phenomenon of migration has played a significant role in the ways in which notions such as "home," "membership" or "national belonging" have constantly been disputed and negotiated in both sending and receiving societies. [114] Papal correspondence mentions the activities of Orthodox prelates among the Romanians in Muntenia in the 1230s. The names derive from the Vlachs, who had lived across much of these regions. Romanians and Romania: A Brief History. Romnia are 19.053.815 locuitori. While the Raducanus I actually know are of Romanian ethnicity, in all other occasions I came across this name, the owners were Roma. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. (tii romnete?, "do you speak Romanian?"). [142], Other researchers have expressed a different point of view and have doubted or denied the continuity of the ethonym "Romanian" from "Roman", at least on an ethnic sense. Transylvania, a third region inhabited by an important majority of Romanian speakers, was a vassal state of the Ottomans until 1687, when the principality became part of the Habsburg possessions. The country was under communist rule from 1948 until 1989, when the regime of Romanian leader Nicolae Ceauescu was overthrown. International Statistics", "VOLUMUL II: POPULAIA STABIL (REZIDENT) STRUCTURA ETNIC I CONFESIONAL", "Population on 1 January by age group, sex and country of birth", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Romania&oldid=1150440151. As of 2017, an Ethnologue estimation puts the (worldwide) number of Romanian speakers at approximately 24.15 million. Pe un antier din Bucureti, lucreaz zeci de vietnamezi", "Nepalezii, soluia de criz a angajatorilor din Romnia. Then, it gradually changed to Romanian. A Vlach muleteer accompanying the Byzantine army noticed that the load was falling from one of the animals and shouted to a companion Torna, torna, fratre! An eastern Romanian: 0.1% Southeast Asian + 0.1% Broadly East Asian + less than 0.1% Broadly East Asian and Native American Another eastern Romanian: 0.6% Mongolian + 0.1% Yakut + 0.2% Broadly East Asian Another eastern Romanian: 0.9% East Asian, 0.1% Native American, 0.2% Broadly East Asian and Native American That year, the governor of Servia, Nikulitsa received the position of leader (archon) of the Vlachs from Hellas from Emperor Basil II. As a result, at the end of the war, Transylvania, Bessarabia, and Bukovina were awarded to Romania, through a series of international peace treaties, resulting in an enlarged and far more powerful kingdom under King Ferdinand I. In 2014, the PNL-PDL candidate (as part of the larger Christian Liberal Alliance or ACL for short; also endorsed by the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania, FDGR/DFDR for short respectively) Klaus Iohannis won a surprise victory over former Prime Minister and PSD-supported contender Victor Ponta in the second round of the 2014 presidential elections. Count Dracula is a worldwide icon of Romania. [80][81] Gesta Hungarorum also mentions the Slavs, Bulgarians,Vlachs and the shepherds of the Romans inhabiting the Carpathian Basin: "sclauij, Bulgarij et Blachij, ac pastores romanorum". [143] According to Vladimr Baar and Daniel Jakubek, typically pro-Russian authors in Moldova tend to argue that "Romanian" as an ethnonym is only a mere recent product from Romanian nationalist historical myths despite the attestation of this name in old documents. Roman culture is the culture of the Roman Empire that was based on the Greek culture and to a lesser extent the Byzantine culture. Romania was occupied by Soviet troops in 1944 and became a satellite of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) in 1948. Romanians have played and contributed a major role in the advancement of the arts, culture, sciences, technology and engineering. School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education). ), and the endonym (the name they used for themselves) Romanians (Rumni/Romni). Romani people. Between Prespa and Kastoria, they met and fought with a Bulgarian rebel named David. In sports, Romanians have excelled in a variety of fields, such as football (Gheorghe Hagi), gymnastics (Nadia Comneci, Lavinia Miloovici etc. Almost 90% of all Romanians consider themselves religious. [134], Several historical sources show the use of the term "Romanian" among the medieval or early modern Romanian population. The principal minorities are Hungarians and Roma, although other smaller ethnic groups exist too. In the history of aviation, Traian Vuia and Aurel Vlaicu built and tested some of the earliest aircraft designs, while Henri Coand discovered the Coand effect of fluidics. [104][105][106], The Byzantine chronicler John Kinnamos, presenting the campaign of Manuel I Komnenos against Hungary in 1166, reports that General Leon Vatatzes had under his command "a great multitude of Vlachs, who are said to be ancient colonies of those in Italy", an army that attacked the Hungarian possessions "about the lands near the Pontus called the Euxine", respectively the southeastern regions of Transylvania, "destroyed everything without sparing and trampled everything it encountered in its passage". Romanian culture offers a variety of forms of folk art that have survived years of outside interference and domination. The name Romanian is derived from Latin romanus, meaning "Roman". A similar holiday also exists in Moldova on the same day since 1990. [175] [176] Other studies analyzing the haplogroup frequency among Romanians came to similar results. The remainder, 43.6 percent, lives in rural areas (9,695,506 people in total). In English, Romanians are usually called Romanians and very rarely Rumanians or Roumanians, except in some historical texts, where they are called Roumans or Vlachs. The origin of the Romanians have been accounted for in two theories; the first one states that the Romanians are the descendants of Romans, Romanized and live in Dacia, the Roman province. Kazhdan, Alexander (1991). See, for example, Fabio Bordignon, "Italian Decentralisation in Romania", SEF 2003, Warsaw. There are smaller numbers of Unitarians, Muslims, and other religions. In one interpretation of the 1989 census results in Moldova, the majority of Moldovans were counted as ethnic Romanians in this country as well. [162][163][164] However, the Balkan Vlachs' northward migration ensured that these centers remained in close contact for centuries. There are no official dates for the adoption of religions by the Romanians. For example, the 'broad Asian group' or the 'specific Pakistani group'. Later rulers, especially Ivan Asen II, styled themselves "Tsars (Emperors) of Bulgarians and Romans". [15], Of a total population of three quarter million Jews before World War II, about a third were killed during the Holocaust. N.N. For example, Onoriu Colcel considers that the terms "Romania" and "Romanian" would only have appeared during the 19th century. [167], The prevailing Y-chromosome in Wallachia (Ploieti, Dolj), Moldavia (Piatra Neam, Buhui), Dobruja (Constana), and northern Republic of Moldova is recorded to be Haplogroup I. Which doesn't make him atuomatically Roma, as many prefer for various reasons - fear of . [167], According to a Y-chromosome analysis of 335 sampled Romanians, 15% of them belong to R1a. Source: Rita J. Markel, The Fall of the Roman Empire, p. 17, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHind1984 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJones1988 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFJankovi2004 (. Topul rilor UE n care romnii reprezint cea mai mare comunitate", "Bosnia i Heregovina Comunitatea romneasc", "Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported, 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates", "U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey", Romanian Communities Allocation in United States: Study of Romanian-American population (2002), "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables", "200.000 de romni triesc "visul brazilian", "AMERICA LATIN DRP Departamentul pentru Romanii de Pretutindeni", "The Week of the Romanian Diaspora in Argentina The immigration of the Romanians to Argentina", "Ci romni au prsit Romnia pentru a tri n strintate", "Romania - International emigrant stock 2019", "Ethnic composition, religion and language skills in the Republic of Kazakhstan", "Socio-economic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan", "Recensmnt 2022. Minority populations are greatest in Transylvania and the Banat, areas in the north and west of the country, which were part of the Kingdom of Hungary (after 1867 the Austria-Hungary) until the end of World War I. The Roma are an ethnic people who have migrated across Europe for a thousand years. According to the 2011 Romanian census, they number 621,573 people or 3.08% of the total population, being the second-largest ethnic minority in Romania after Hungarians,[21] with significant populations in Mure (8.9%) and Clrai (7,47%) counties. Contact: Sarah Eley. They traded and transported salt throughout the Bulgar Empire. [40], 9.2 deaths/1,000 live births (May 2010);[41] down from 17.3 deaths/1,000 live births in 2002. The Romani people (gypsies) have been discriminated against in Europe for centuries. total population: 75.6 years (2018 est.) Subsequently, the Soviet Union imposed a communist government and King Michael was forced to abdicate and leave for exile, subsequently settling in Switzerland, while Petru Groza remained the head of the government of the Socialist Republic of Romania (RSR). During the 1870s, the United Romanian Principalities (then led by Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen Domnitor Carol I) fought a War of Independence against the Ottomans, with Romania's independence being formally recognised in 1878 at the Treaty of Berlin. [16] Mass emigration, mostly to Israel and United States, has reduced the surviving Jewish community to less than 6,000 in 2002 (it is estimated that the real numbers could be 3-4 times higher). In the arts and culture, prominent figures were George Enescu (music composer, violinist, professor of Sir Yehudi Menuhin), Constantin Brncui (sculptor), Eugne Ionesco (playwright), Mircea Eliade (historian of religion and novelist), Emil Cioran (essayist, Prix de l'Institut Franais for stylism) and Angela Gheorghiu (soprano). Since 2013, the Romanian Language Day is celebrated on 31 August in Romania. Human Y-chromosomal variation in European populations (PhD Thesis). [111], The Second Bulgarian Empire founded by the Asen dynasty consisting of Bulgarians and Vlachs was founded in 1185 and lasted until 1396. The first definite document mentioning Romanians (Vlachs) is from the 8th century from the Konstamonitou monastery and talks about the Vlachs of the Rynchos river (present-day North Macedonia). The basic vocabulary is of Latin origin,[128] although there are some substratum words that are sometimes assumed to be of Dacian origin. , Bosch2006, Varzari2006, Varzari 2013, Martinez-Cruz 2012. Romanian nationalist believe their are descanded from Dacians. As average population is an estimate of the population in the middle of the year and not end of the year. Socio-linguistic evolutions in the late 18th century led to a gradual preponderance of the romn spelling form, which was then generalised during the National awakening of Romania of early 19th century. The folk costumes of the country are a feast to eyes as they exhibit elaborate embroidery and beadwork. Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019. Italy and Spain have been popular emigration destinations, due to a relatively low language barrier, and both are each now home to about a million Romanians. Based on linguistic and archaeological findings, historians suggest that the Romanians' ancestors acquired polytheistic religions in the Roman era, later adopting Christianity, most likely by the 4th century AD when decreed by Emperor Constantine the Great as the official religion of the Roman Empire. Pop, Ioan-Aurel (1999),p. 44. The Greek Catholic or Uniate church, reunified with the Orthodox Church by fiat in 1948, was restored after the 1989 revolution. Romanians are by far the most numerous group of speakers of an Eastern Romance language today. Magoulias, Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1984, p.238-371. Cei mai muli lucreaz n industria alimentar", "Europe:: Romania the World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency", "Comunicat de pres privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensmntului Populaiei i Locuinelor 2011", "Hungarians in Transylvania between 1870 and 1995. The 2021 Romanian census found that just under 89.3% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians. Where . 4954, Ibn al Nadim, al-Fihrist. Originally within the Byzantine Empire, but after the 13th century autonomous or semi-independent. For the United States 2000 Census figures, almost 20% of the total population did not classify or report an ancestry, and the census is also subject to undercounting, an incomplete (67%) response rate, and sampling error in general. Two-thirds of the ethnic German population either left or were deported after World War II, a period that was followed by decades of relatively regular (by communist standards) migration. Indeed ethnicity, in terms of genetic characteristics that render non-Romans inferior to Romans, plays little or no role in these assessments. Next release: To be announced Return to 'Unpaid care and protected characteristics; ethnic group, England and Wales ' Provides files to download data as it existed for this dataset on previous dates. By the end of the 18th century, the Austrian Empire was awarded by the Ottomans with the region of Bukovina and, in 1812, the Russians occupied the eastern half of Moldavia, known as Bessarabia through the Treaty of Bucharest of 1812.[127]. [8] In connection with the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, as part of the Russian-Ukrainian war, by 15 May 2022, more than 6,223,821 Ukrainian refugees left the territory of Ukraine, moving to the countries closest to the west of Ukraine, of which more than 919,574 people fled to neighboring Romania. Under the Equality Act 2010, ethnicity includes colour, nationality and ethnic or national origins 30. Several inhibiting factors (not unique to this particular case) contribute towards this uncertainty, which may include: For example, the decennial US Census of 2000 calculated (based on a statistical sampling of household data) that there were 367,310 respondents indicating Romanian ancestry (roughly 0.1% of the total population).[151]. (meaning "Return, return, brother!"). ancient Rome, the state centred on the city of Rome. [137] Another one is Francesco della Valle's 1532 manuscripts that state that the Romanians from Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania preserved the name "Roman" and cites the sentence "Sti Rominest?" Romanian Catholics are present in Transylvania, Banat, Bukovina, Bucharest, and parts of Moldavia, belonging to both the Roman Catholic Church (297,246 members) and the Romanian Greek Catholic Church (124,563 members). Iliescu remained in power as head of state until 1996, when he was defeated by CDR-supported Emil Constantinescu in the 1996 general elections, the first in post-communist Romania that saw a peaceful transition of power. The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity. English translation: The Fihrist of al-Nadim. [135] Several other documents, notably from Italian travelers into Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania, speak of the self-identification, language and culture of the Romanians, showing that they designated themselves as "Romans" or related to them in up to 30 works. Historian Gheorghe I. Brtianu considers that these words "represent an expression from the Romanian language, as it was formed at that time in the Balkan and Danube regions"; "they probably belong to one and the most significant of the substrates on which our (Romanian) language was built".[78]. Nonetheless, in 1859, Moldavia and Wallachia elected the same ruler, namely Alexander John Cuza (who reigned as Domnitor) and were thus unified de facto, resulting in the United Romanian Principalities for the period between 1859 and 1881. 9 (1971) p. 585-593. The current vital statistics of Romania are as follows:[34], Average life expectancy at age 0 of the total population.[35]. 137-177. Free elections were held in 1990. For Romanians: -the ones with predominant Dacian-Roman ancestry (dark hair, dark eyes, convex Roman nose, square jaw, women with wide hips, high cheekbones) For some ethnic minorities in Romania . [42], definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.). Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania, Population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania, https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population/RO, "Infant mortality rate - the World Factbook", "COMUNICAT DE PRES: 2 februarie 2012 privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensmntului Populaiei i Locuinelor", "Refugees fleeing Ukraine (since 24 February 2022)", "Populaia Romniei, creterea alarmant: Suntem la nivelul Germaniei. Boulder. For example, according to a 2006 Eurobarometer poll, only 23% of Romanians attend church once a week or more. The second number includes all Romanians in Spain, thus taking into account second and third generation Romanians or nationalized ones that count as Spanish in the census. Supplementary Tables", "Microsoft Word - REZULTATE DEFINITIVE RPL2011.doc", "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", "Eurostat - Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table", "Bun venit la Institutul National de Statistica - Institutul National de Statistica", "Welcome to National Institute of Statistics | National Institute of Statistics", "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations", "The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "POPULAIA ROMNIEI PE LOCALITI LA 1 IANUARIE 2016", "GHO - By category - Life expectancy and Healthy life expecancy - Data by country", "Countries Compared by People > Total population > Age 25-29 >% of the total. [96][97] He associated the Vlachs with the Dacians and the Bessi. [90] Ibn al-Nadm (early 932998) published in 998 the work Kitb al-Fihrist mentioning "Turks, Bulgars and Vlahs" (using Blagha for Vlachs). Sources give varied estimates for Romania's historical population. If we need to, we refer to either 'aggregated' ethnic groups or ethnic groups 'as a whole'. In 2004, Traian Bsescu, the PNL-PD candidate of the Justice and Truth Alliance (DA), was elected president. [145] Raymond Detrez asserts that romn, derived from the Latin Romanus, acquired at a certain point the same meaning of the Greek Romaios; that of Orthodox Christian. The influence of Roman culture extends beyond the borders of the Roman Empire, especially due to the influence of Latin and its expansion throughout Middle Europe. Following Constantinescu's single term as president from 1996 to 2000, Iliescu was re-elected in late 2000 for another term of four years. In 1916, Romania joined the war on the side of the Triple Entente. The name of "Vlachs" is an exonym that was used by Slavs to refer to all Romanized natives of the Balkans. King Burebista who reigned from 82/61 BC to 45/44 BC, was the first king who successfully unified the tribes of the Dacian kingdom, which comprised the area located between the Danube, Tisza, and Dniester rivers. The noun form is Romanian(s), and the adjectival form is Romanian. [154] The vast majority are Eastern Orthodox Christians, belonging to the Romanian Orthodox Church (a branch of Eastern Orthodoxy, or Eastern Orthodox Church, together with the Greek Orthodox, Orthodox Church of Georgia and Russian Orthodox Churches, among others). [124] "Vlachia", "Great Vlachia", and the other variants began to fall out of use for Thessaly at the turn of the 14th century, and with the emergence of the Principality of Wallachia north of the Danube in the 14th century, from the 15th century the name was reserved for it. "Scythia Minor". After the Roman Catholic-Eastern Orthodox Schism of 1054, there existed a Roman Catholic Diocese of Cumania for a short period of time, from 1228 to 1241. The function received by Nikulitsa might have been as a commander of a Vlach army. It is believed that they diverged from the Romanians in the 7th to 9th century, and currently speak the Aromanian language and Megleno-Romanian language, both of which are Balkan Romance languages, like Romanian, and are sometimes considered by traditional Romanian linguists to be dialects of Romanian. The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. Victor Babe discovered more than 50 germs and a cure for a disease named after him, babesiosis; biologist Nicolae Paulescu was among the first scientists to identify insulin. [107][108][109][110], By the 9th and 10th centuries, the nomadic Pechenegs conquered much of the steppes of Southeast Europe and the Crimean Peninsula.The Pecheneg wars against the Kievan Rus' caused some of the Slavs and Vlachs from North of the Danube to gradually migrate north of the Dniestr in the 10th and 11th centuries. [95] The 11th-century scholar Kekaumenos wrote of a Vlach homeland situated "near the Danube and[]the Sava, where the Serbians lived more recently". It has been argued by some Romanian researchers that "Ramunc" was not the name of the duke, but a name that highlighted his ethnicity. This is our way of being friendly. [175] The eastern branches of R1b represent 7%, they prevail in parts of Eastern and Central Europe as a result of Ancient Greek colonisation in parts of Sicily as well. The Hungarian minority in Romania constitutes the country's largest minority, or as much as 6.0 per cent of the entire population. Also, this number does not include ethnic-Romanians who no longer speak the Romanian language.

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