jujube tree root system

Fresh keeping and changes in some physiological indexes of Chinese Dongzao jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) All authors added information and revised the paper. Xue, C. et al. Acta Hortic. Agrofor Syst 48:6177, Jose S, Gillespie AR, Pallardy SG (2004) Interspecific interactions in temperate agroforestry. I've heard horror stories of the roots actually damaging water pipes to get to a water source. Construction of a dense genetic linkage map and QTL analysis of trunk diameter in Chinese jujube. This method is characterized by the direct sowing of the rootstock seeds (sour jujube) in orchards followed by the in situ grafting of the target cultivar. Agrofor Syst 61:221236, Gillespie AR, Jose S, Mengel DB, Hoover WL, Pope PE, Seifert JR, Biehle DJ, Stall T, Benjamin TJ (2000) Defining competition vectors in a temperate alley cropping system in the midwestern USA. Juice obtained from the fruits is used in making small . A taxonomic study on Chinese jujube and wild jujube. Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding (2011). Spectr. Chen, Y. L. & Schirarend, C. Rhamnaceae. It can grow and bear well where normal grain, cotton, oil crops, vegetables, and fruit trees cannot survive. Breeding objectives should take into consideration the characteristics of jujube trees, the demands of all related parties, the breeding trends in fruit trees and breeding practices in jujube70. Acta Hortic. Acta Hortic. Studies on the storage and fresh-keeping of Chinese date (Ziziphus jujuba Mill). Genome-wide analysis of the bHLH gene family in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) In 4th International Jujube Symposium, XXX International Horticultural Congress, Istanbul, Turkey (International Horticultural Congress, Istanbul, Turkey, 2018) (in press). intercropping of cotton/9-year-old jujube trees. Liu, X., Chen, L., Wang, J., Li, L. & Peng, J. Hortic Res 7, 119 (2020). Because jujubes demand high light intensities for good output, they should be spaced 10 to 15 feet apart. The jujube tree is a well-known example of one such species. Stnic, F. Rezultate preliminare privind micronmulirea in vitro a curmalului chinezesc (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) In vitro tetraploid induction of Ziziphus jujuba Dongzao and Z. acidojujuba (Z. spinosa Hu) with colchicine. Liuyuexian. Asian J. Chem.23, 39893992 (2011). Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Sin.33, 687 (2006). Sci.32, 12531257 (2015). Comprehensive studies have shown that the most advantageous nutritional features of jujube fruit include its contents of soluble sugars (23 times the levels in other fruits), vitamin C (100 times the level in other fruits), cAMP (1000 times the level in other fruits), vitamin B, triterpenoid acid, proline, polysaccharide, flavonoids, iron, potassium, calcium, and zinc. Given the demands of the new era, the development tendencies of the modern fruit industry and the new technologies available, jujube research in China is facing a series of important challenges. 2011(Zhang et al. p At present, there are two opposing viewpoints about the respiratory type of jujube fruit, i.e., climacteric or nonclimacteric, even for the same cultivar (Dongzao)116,117,118. Slider with three articles shown per slide. Eng.3, 131136 (2016). Based on the classical taxonomic system, jujube is listed in the Rhamnaceae family, Rhamnales order63. Resour.11, 811816 (2010). The biological characteristics of jujube are basically understood1. After 1995, research on jujube tissue culture increased rapidly, and tissue culture with stem tips, stem segments, leaves, anthers, embryos, and cotyledons as explants were all successful83,86,87,99,100. Back to albums list. I planted a Contorted Jujube tree in the upper tier of a dry stacked natural stone raised bed about 2 weeks ago. Acta Hortic.840, 529532 (2009). The major advances in this period included grafting techniques (1000 YA), intercropping (600 YA), fresh fruit storage in ice rooms (200 YA), shifting the girdling time from winter to the flowering season, and processing candied jujubes, jujube wine, and jujube vinegar. Sin.26, 302308 (1999). Fore.32, 117121 (2004). Univ. Acta Hortic.390, 161165 (1995). Sin.20, 305306 (1993). sending out suckers 30' feet away) so my main question is this: Are the roots strong enough to move/. 201003043-01)and by NSFC (Project No. Google Scholar. It ferments readily and lose firmness when it is tightly sealed in conventional plastic bags under cold storage. Second, jujube fruits can satisfactorily meet the various needs of consumers. Google Scholar, Cao FL, Kimmins JP, Wang JR (2012) Competitive interactions in ginkgo and crop species mixed agroforestry systems in Jiangsu, China. Fu, T. Study on the Technology of Ice-temperature Storage of Dongzao Jujube. Cross-breeding, the most powerful breeding method for fruit trees, has not been successfully utilized in jujube. Chen, Y., Zhao, Z., Zhao, J. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, Ashton PS (2000) Ecological theory of diversity and its applications to mixed species plantation systems. contributed to the final draft. The tree can be propagated by seed or root sprout. However, green shoot cuttings (semilignified primary extension shoots, secondary shoots, and bearing shoots) root much more easily and have a high reproductive coefficient. A total of 23,996 genes (73% of the total annotated genes) were allocated on the 12 pseudochromosomes. Rep.7, 1025 (2017). We offer the two sizes in the 'Air-Pot Garden' range that are best-suited for the young jujube trees we sell. Since, I have read a few horror stories about the invasive jujube root systems (e.g. The density of SSRs in the jujube genome reaches 378 SSRs per Mb, which is approximately two times the density in peach and apple12. var. In this period, the first jujube research monograph Da Zao Pu, written by Liu Guan (Yuan dynasty, 1300), which recorded 71 jujube cultivars, was published. Acta Hortic. Wang, N. Study on Somatic Embryogenesis and Ploidy Germplasm Creation in Ziziphus Jujuba Mill (Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 2007). ), or Chinese date, is the most important species of Rhamnaceae, a large cosmopolitan family, and is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees in the world. An evolutionary divergence analysis of jujube, pear and Prunus mume found that the 4DTv (fourfold synonymous third-codon transversion) rate of jujube peaked at only 0.50, suggesting that no recent whole-genome duplication had occurred in jujube12. Effect of rain shelter cultivation of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Sin.46, 49684976 (2013). Sin.20, 8691 (1987). High-density planting and protected cultivation systems have also been applied commercially after the beginning of the 21st century. It has been spread all over China, with a cultivation area of ~2 million hectares and an annual production of over 8 million tons. var. Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding (2006). For . Internet Explorer). Evaluation of five natural variants materials from ziziphus jujuba Mill. Sun, H. & Tian, Y. Agrofor Syst 37:91109, Young A (1997) Agroforestry for soil management. Shen, C., Jia, S., Zheng, X., Tang, Z. performed reference collection and analysis. quinequeflora Hort. Liu, M. & Cheng, C. A taxonomy study on the genus Ziziphus. & Wang, C. Study on respiration type of Chinese jujube fruit (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). The genus Ziziphus was grouped into two sections based on geographical distribution, bearing shoot persistence, and leaf hairiness. Google Scholar. BMC Genom.20, 568 (2019). Jujube is highly tolerant of drought, infertility and salinity, and has low demands for water and fertilizers4 (Table 1). In this case, the maturity period can be advanced by 14 months105,106. and ZjCNGC2 mediated signalling cascades in response to cold stress. Li, D., Du, X., Wang, Y., Sui, C. & He, J. Callus induction and embryogenesis of Ziziphus jujuba cv. Study on hyperspectral rapid detection of Vc content in Lingwu jujube. Miao, L. The Analysis of Tripenoids of the Fruit of Chinese Jujube. Acta Hortic. Pruning is necessary if you want to keep your Jujube tree down to a manageable height. var. (4) The low-level processing techniques that imitate those used for other fruits and focus on solving the overproduction problem do not meet the requirements of postharvest value addition and demands for diversified, advanced, and internationalized new products. The government and society pay more attention to ecological friendliness, the efficient use of land resources and the social and economic advantages for rural farmers in marginal regions. In the past 30 years, a total of ~200 new cultivars with large fruit, good fruit quality, high resistance to diseases, and varying uses and maturity times were released through polyploid breeding or selection from seedlings, bud mutants, and local germplasms2. ), f. carnosicalycis (Wang) Cheng et Liu (Z. jujuba Mill. Sci. Acta Hortic. In vitro plantlets were obtained from the stem segments of root suckers in 198398. The older the jujube the more developed were the jujube roots so that the smaller the SRL of jujube the bigger the RLD and RD of jujube. Wang, J., Liu, L., Liu, M. & Zhou, J. Acquirement of new male sterile germplasm of Chinese jujube. Pap. The fruits are smaller and not so sweet. Jinsixiaozao hort. & Zhou, J. Jujube Witches Broom Disease (China Agriculture Press, 2010). Acta Hortic. To date, more than 95% of jujube production is still concentrated in China, and scientific research on jujube is also mainly carried out in China. In addition, Hebei Agricultural University collected and preserved ~200 accessions of sour jujube germplasm and some other species of the Ziziphus genus, such as Z. mauritiana Lam., Z. spina-christi Willd, and Z. nummularia Burm. Liu, M., Zhao, J., Wang, J., Liu, Z. proposed that jujube evolved from wild sour jujube1 based on a systematic study of ancient books, ecological distributions, karyotyping, palynology, and isoenzymes as well as of the transitional types between jujube and sour jujube1. Preparation of oligosaccharides by degradation of polysaccharides from Chinese jujube and its biological activity. Hefei: Anhui Agricultural University (2014). et al. Chen, D. The problems and solutions of Hami jujube mechanized drying. Liu, M. Advances in taxonomy study on the genus Ziziphus. To perform nutritional analysis and intensive processing on jujube, efficient extraction and determination methods were established and optimized for 23 kinds of nutrient components (7 vitamins, 3 triterpenic acids, 8 amino acids, aromatics, cAMP, polysaccharides, flavonoids, and pigments) in jujube54,136,137,138,139,140,141,142. Therefore, the development of jujube can make efficient use of marginal lands, improve the environment, and provide farmers in rural regions with an agricultural industry that is easy to manage and provides high revenues. Hao, Z., Dai, L., Wang, J., Wu, X. 6-year-old jujube exhibited a stronger negative effect on the productivity of wheat than did 2- or 4-year-old jujube and there was less effect on productivity of jujube in the 6-year-old system than in the 2- or 4-year-old jujube trees grown in monoculture. tortuosa Hort., Z. jujuba Mill. Fourth, jujube can satisfactorily meet the concerns and needs of the government and the public. Compd.43, 374376 (2007). Sin.42, 16831698 (2015). Analysis of Bioactive Components and Extraction Technique of Wax in Jujube. Google Scholar, Bhm W (1979) Methods of studying root systems. proved that the best storage conditions for fresh jujube were at a temperature of 1 to 2C, relative humidity of 95%, 2% O2 and 0% CO2124. In addition, due to the economic decline of the comparative benefits of jujube, jujube witches broom is becoming serious again in orchards due to poor management. Dongzao). Commun.5, 5315 (2014). As a result, polyploidy induction has become an ideal breeding approach for obtaining new cultivars with high-quality, large fruits. Agroforest Syst 87, 929939 (2013). B Hortic.LXIII, 1724 (2019). Currently, under the optimal storage conditions, half-red fresh jujube can be preserved for 23 months or even more than 4 months. Wang, L., Wang, H. & Wang, C. Effect of O2 and CO2 concentration on respiration, relative electrical conductivity, contents of chlorophyll and skin color of Dongzao jujube fruit. Qu et al. Aims Planting density is a major factor during the conversion of cropland to woodland in the semiarid hilly region of the Chinese Loess Plateau. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 6177, Atkinson D, Johnson MG, Mattam D, Mercer ER (1978) The effect of orchard soil management on the uptake of nitrogen by established apple trees. Liu, Y., Feng, C., Yu, H., Wang, J. Establishment of embryo culture technical system of Chinese jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.). Excavation and SSR identification of polyploidy germplasm resources in jujube trees. Converting dehydroascorbic acid to AsA (vitamin C) resolved the bottleneck problem in the determination of dehydroascorbic acid, and accurate determination methods for the two kinds of vitamin C in jujube were finalized141,143. & Liu, M. Simultaneous determination of four water-soluble vitamins in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Softwood grafting in early spring also gave success of 90%. The genome sequencing of a drying jujube cultivar Junzao and the resequencing of some cultivated and wild jujubes identified the selective sweep regions involved in acid and sugar metabolism and provided insights into an important domestication pattern in fruit taste15. Food, Agric. The established germplasm platforms include the following: (1) Internet Information System for Perennial and Asexual Crop Germplasm Resources (http://www.ziyuanpu.net.cn/), which includes the data observed for many years at the National Jujube Repository in Taigu, Shanxi, China; (2) Chinese Crop Germplasm Resources Information Systemjujube (http://www.cgris.net/query/croplist.php), where germplasm checking and analysis can be performed; and. China Fruits1, 14 (2018). Q: Are Jujube trees invasive? In the years to come, jujube research can focus on the following eight aspects: (1) Multiomics analysis of the formation mechanisms of the important unique traits of jujube to provide a solid foundation for molecular breeding, high-efficiency cultivation, and high-nutrition processing. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. ), sour jujube (Z. acidojujuba Liu et Cheng) and Indian jujube (Z. mauritiana L.). Fruit. This species, 7.6 to 9 metres (25 to 30 feet) high, has alternate, three-veined, elliptical to ovate leaves 2.5 to 7.6 cm (1 to 3 inches) long. J. Analysis of reducing sugars, organic acids and minerals in 15 cultivars of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Res.17, 307313 (1999). PLoS ONE10, e0134519 (2015). Twenty-one jujube cultivars were recorded in the book Guangzhi written by Guo Yigong in the Jin Dynasty, 1700 YA. Liu, P. et al. Based on a systematic analysis of the unique characteristics of jujube, we suggest that it deserves to be recognized as a superfruit. jujuba Mill. J. Hortic. Plastic house and Chinese solar greenhouse cultivation (a plastic house with thick back wall as a thermal mass) have been successful in North China and have formed large-scale production regions of over 10,000ha in Dali County in Shaanxi Province and Linyi County in Shanxi Province in China. Its fruit is smooth and bright, like a large red pearl. Zhang, G. & Yu, X. A novel method for rapid in vivo induction of homogeneous polyploids via calluses in a woody fruit tree (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). J. Hort. Guo, Y. Anther/pollen culture has also been practiced in jujube, and some plants have been generated from pollen73,83. Both the seeds and fruit have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years to improve sleep quality, support the nervous system, and encourage healthy digestion. using genotyping by sequencing technology. J. Hebei Agric. Dongzao. Acta Hortic.993, 209213 (2013). The Chinese jujube tree always presents some unfavorable performances because its vegetative growth is very vigorous. The first is China Fruit Tree Records-Jujube, mentioned above. The house that backs up to my house never had sprinklers in . Research results should be more original and advanced. var. Sin.41, 21152124 (2014). var. & Liu, M. Expression stabilities of candidate reference genes for RT-qPCR in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Twenty-four million years ago, jujube trees appeared in Northern China10. They are Section Ziziphus Cheng et Liu and Section Perdurans Cheng et Liu. A postharvest physiological study revealed the main factors influencing fruit preservation in jujube115. In recent years, the interploidy hybridization of jujube and the interspecific hybridization between jujube and sour jujube were successfully carried out20,84,85. In l max = 22 cm, the integral constant a = 1.9 and instantaneous growth rate r = 0.14. Agric. Stnic, F. Characterization of two Romanian local biotypes of Ziziphus jujuba. Wang, N., Liu, M., Dai, L. & Qin, Z. Liu, P. et al. Correspondence to This paper will systematically summarize its special characteristics and comparative advantages, historical and recent research advances, and future research prospects to guide researchers and professionals working on jujubes. How to Grow a Jujube Tree. In addition, the International Cultivar Registration Center for the Ziziphus genus was established in 2014 at the Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University under the authorization of the International Society of Horticultural Sciences. Recently, some excellent new cultivars for fresh eating, such as Jinsi 4, Yueguang, Zaohongmi, Zaocumi, and Zaoqiuhong, and some for dehydration, such as Yuangling 2, Shuguang, Zanshuo, Yushuai, and Linhuang 1, with larger fruit, higher quality and higher resistance to fruit diseases than traditional cultivars, have become the dominant cultivars. 31121062). Here, we took China as an example to briefly introduce the historical evolution and major achievements in jujube production and scientific research over the past 3000 years. Research methods should become more synergistic and internationalized. Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin (2013). Wang, H. et al. Google Scholar. Ploidy segregation and pure tetraploid acquirement from mixoploid (2x + 4x) Ziziphus jujuba Mill. The roots of other species however will occasionally send up suckers, or shoots, that grow up and through the soil to develop if undisturbed into fully-grown plants with their own root system. The rate of obtaining hybrids in jujube is usually <0.01% by the traditional crossing approach. In addition, the distinct trait of the bearing shoot falling in winter is related to the ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) pathways12. In particular, the use of sour jujube seeds, rather than pits, to obtain rootstocks has become the mainstream method; using this method, the seedlings grow faster and more uniformly than in rootstocks obtained from pits2. J. Jujube never needs flower-promoting treatments. Bi, J., Yu, J., Bai, S., Wang, P. & Ding, Y. Since no new gene fusions or multiple trait combinations are available in autopolyploidization and it is difficult to make large breakthroughs via selection breeding, there is no substitute for cross-breeding, and its advantages are also incomparable. Huang, J., Chen, R. & Li, X. reported that Shanxixiaozao could be stored for 70 days at 01C and 60% RH119. J Sci Food Agric 30:129135, Article In the Book of Songs, published 3000 YA, it is clearly mentioned that jujubes were already widely cultivated in China. Chen, Z., Wang, R., Qi, S., Wang, C. & Yan, H. Preliminary studies on the storage of Chinese jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill) in fresh state II. & Liu, M. A high-efficiency regeneration system for immature embryo of Ziziphus jujuba Dongzao at very early stage. Rev.32, 229298 (2006). & Tian, C. Study on the effect of the different heating processes on the quality of the Chinese date. Method 1: Hybrids are produced by using a male-sterile variety as the female parent and a variety with high pollen viability and compatibility as the male parent20,84. Our study was conducted to apply root pruning to test whether it can effectively inhibit the vigorous vegetative growth by regulating the competitive ability of the root system for water and nutrients. It has multiple uses as a fresh or dried fruit, processing material, traditional Chinese medicine, celebratory food, health product, and a representative of native Chinese products. Acta Hortic. It . The nutrient components in different organs, different fruit developmental stages, and different varieties were systematically analyzed53,54,144,145,146,147. Wang, L. et al. Judging from old grafted jujube trees, grafting has been used for at least 1000 years. Zhao, Z. et al. This new technology synchronously produces multiple products such as cyclic nucleotides, dietary fiber, and jujube oil from one raw material103. Sugar transport played a more important role than sugar biosynthesis in fruit sugar accumulation during Chinese jujube domestication. Corrections? Sin.36, 196200 (2003). CAS Study on the content of polysaccharides in different cultivars, growing periods and organs in Chinese Jujube. Plant Genet. Liu, Z. et al. Sin.44, 195196 (2017). When made into glac fruits by boiling in honey and sugar syrup, they resemble Persian dates and are sometimes known as Chinese dates. HortScience53, 609612 (2018). Luo, Z. et al. Acta Hortic. The crisp white pulp surrounds a single large pointed stone. Jujube tree roots showed a mainly downward trend and . Around 79.9 million years ago, jujube diverged from the families Moraceae and Cannabaceae12. Among them, stimulating sucker propagation by cutting off the roots at the periphery of the vertical projection of the canopy and separating fasciculate suckers can increase the reproductive coefficient, while gathering and nurturing the suckers in a nursery can greatly improve the quality of the root system. After entering the 21st century, great progress has been made in polyploidy and cross-breeding in jujube. C.J. volume87,pages 929939 (2013)Cite this article. Sci. (6) International exchange and cooperation are still insufficient and are accompanied by severe imbalances among countries both in production and research. PLoS Genet.12, e1006433 (2016). During this period, jujube began to be introduced to neighboring countries in Asia, such as Japan and South Korea, and began to spread to Central Asia and Europe through the ancient Silk Road. CAS Research on jujube cultivation technology has a long history that includes fruitful achievements and has played an important role in promoting the jujube industry. & Li, Q. After the beginning of the 21st century, much more attention was paid to intensive processing that highlights the characteristic nutrients of jujube. Based on the challenges facing the jujube industry, we discuss eight research aspects to be focused on in the future. Zhang, Z. Optimization of A High-density Genetic Map for Chinese Jujube and QTL Mapping for Several Important Traits. Sci.21, 414418 (2004). Liu, M. et al. For Ecol Manag 83:171180, Dhima KV, Lithourgidis AS, Vasilakoglou LB, Dordsas CA (2007) Competition indices of common vetch and cereal intercrops in two seeding ratios. The use of Paliurus hemsleyanus Rehd. Chinese jujube is an important multi-purpose fruit tree in Asia. A new excellent tetraploid table cultivar of sour jujubeZhuguang. The pure polyploid shoot could form flowers and even set fruits for further evaluation in the same year as the polyploid induction. Shu, J. Based on a systematic study of the historical taxonomic literature, Liu et al. 3. and wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) Acta Hortic. conceived of the paper and wrote the first draft. Mol. Qu et al. PLoS ONE11, e0154212 (2016). Org.121, 423433 (2015). & Zhou, B. Flora of China, Vol. Period. in China. Genetic engineering has also made some advances, but these applications are not yet fully developed. & Li, X. Genome-wide identification of AP2/ERF superfamily genes and their expression during fruit ripening of Chinese jujube. It was revealed that jujube has very strong resistance to abiotic stress, including drought, barren soils, and saline and alkali conditions. BMC Genom.20, 464 (2019). & Liu, M. Genetic diversity and structure of 255 cultivars of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Jujube Tree Roots. and its wild ancestor sour jujube (Z. acidojujuba Cheng et Liu). Shi, Y. et al. Wild jujube (Z. lotus) and Christs thorn jujube (Z. spina-christi) are related species, though not commonly cultivated. Peng, Y. Most species belong to Sect. Acta Hortic.769, 265269 (2006). Mao, Y. et al. Jujube is difficult to keep fresh. According to leaf fossils, jujube appeared in northern China 24 million years ago. Method 2: A self-fruitless or self-sterile variety is chosen as the female parent, and a variety with high pollen viability and compatibility is chosen as the male parent. & Cheng, H. Cultivation technique for direct seeding and orchard constructing of arid area jujube. Sin.41, 14951510 (2014). The method used to study the jujube tree root distribution was based on the trench profile method described by Smit et al. PubMedGoogle Scholar, Zhang, W., Ahanbieke, P., Wang, B.J. Liu, M. & Wang, M. Germplasm Resources of Chinese Jujube (China Forestry Publishing House, 2009). Liu, D., Ye, X. Drain the fruit, and add rum and/or vanilla to taste. Ser. Studies have also proven that sugar transport plays a significant role in sugar accumulation15,28 and jujube fruits have characteristics of nonclimacteric fruits15,29. Agrofor Syst 74:163172, Lin QY, Xing LF, Li PY, Ding XT, Duan ZA (2000) Recounting and reviewing on the scientific research literature for intercropping system of jujube and crops in China. Agrofor Syst 50:116, Friday JB, Fownes JH (2002) Competition for light between hedgerows and maize in an alley cropping system in Hawaii, USA. Zhao, A. et al. It was reported that jujube originated from the Yellow River valley between Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces, China, after studying ancient documents, fossils and modern distributions as well as the transitional genotypes of jujube and sour jujube1,5. These factors included the culture media, inoculation methods, removal or maintenance of the seed coat, combination of growth regulators, and concentrations of lactalbumin hydrolysate, activated carbon, and sucrose86,87,88. Xue, M., Wang, Li., Zhang, J. Jujube fruit can become a part of international markets and a future popular superfruit. N. W. SCI-TECH Uni. There are two parts necessary for grafting: the rootstock, used for the root system; and the scion, the chosen cultivar or variety. Huang, J. et al. There appear to be at least 2, 16, and 6 scientific names for the jujube genus, the jujube and the sour jujube, respectively, due to different classification viewpoints and poor academic exchange in the past. A strategy combining WGS sequencing, BAC-to-BAC and WGS-PCR-free library was employed to address the impact of the high complexity of the jujube genome, which has a high heterozygosity of 1.90%, a low GC content of 33.41% and a high density of simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) (378.1 per Mb). The high level of sugar accumulation in jujube fruit is due to the expansion and high-level expression of genes involved in sugar metabolism and transport. In August 2010 (the jujube tree fruit setting period), shovels were used to excavate one trench for each age of stand, measuring 6 m length (three . Consumers like fruits that are delicious and nutritious and that appeal to appearance and status. (Z. sativa Gatern. BMC Genomics18, 855 (2017). In the past 20 years, postharvest treatment technology for Chinese jujube has made great progress. Using an interspecific population between Z. jujuba and Z. acidojujuba, a high-density molecular (SNP) genetic map was constructed by restriction site-associated DNA sequencing17. Thyrsiflora Cheng et Liu mainly according to the inflorescence type. Sin.45, 14231424 (2018). Another germplasm repository funded by the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau of China was constructed in Cangxian, Hebei Province, where ~640 germplasm accessions, including some excellent variants of the local leading cultivars, such as Jinsixiaozao, Wuhezao, and Dongzao, are maintained. Xue, C. et al. At present, it is one of the main cultivated fruit species, the foremost dried fruit in terms of production, and the main income source of ~20 million farmers in China2,3. Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. The fruit is particularly rich in nutrients, and its contents of sugar, vitamin C and B, cyclic nucleotide, proline, triterpenic acid, potassium, iron, and zinc are the highest among many fruits9,10 (Table 2). Yan, F. F. et al. To make glazed jujubes, halve and seed the ripe (but not dry) fruit and place in equal parts water and brown sugar (just enough to cover the fruit).

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